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# Byte
Byte is a bytebeat synthesizer similar to ALGODRONE or ByteBeat-Xfade. You can provide
up to 16 bytebeat expressions (defined as BYTEBEAT\_1 through BYTEBEAT\_16 in the code), and
then select and play them. Feel free to change them! But they must be valid C/C++
expressions or they won't compile. You can change the pitch and tuning, as well as the
volume. Additionally you can reset the bytebeat algorithm at any time by sending a
trigger or gate to DIGITAL OUT.
## Building ByteBeats
A bytebeat is any C expression using the 32-bit variable 't'. It's called 16384 times a second
and the result, mod 255, is output as an audio sample.
Byte has a special feature: a special variable called x which ranges from 0 to 255. It's
set by CV coming in to IN 3, and is by default 0. You could stick x in your expressions
to control them in real-time via CV.
Byte is fragile: if in your expression you modify Byte's internal variables (like triggered or pitchCV
or even t!) you can seriously break Byte. So don't do that.
There are many bytebeat expressions available online. For a small collection, see
[Viznut's archive](http://viznut.fi/demos/unix/bytebeat_formulas.txt). Note that some of these
are designed for JavaScript or have Sine or Pow in them: they are unlikely to work.
You can test bytebeats [on the following webpage](https://greggman.com/downloads/examples/html5bytebeat/html5bytebeat.html)
before adding them to GRAINS. You can change the Hz values on that page as well. GRAINS's
default HZ is 16384, though you can turn it down to half of that or less.
## Tuning
You can't really tune BYTE: to do so would require changing the sampling rate, and Mozzi doesn't
make it easy to do that without modifying Mozzi's config in its library. Maybe later.
On Pot 1 I have set things up so you can change the pitch to some degree. There are 16
settings. Setting 8 (typically a bit to the left of due center) is the default setting.
Since Mozzi's sampling rate is 16384 Hz, this is about one octave above and twice as fast
as the traditional pitch, which normally corresponds to 8000 Hz. If you turn the knob
to the LEFT of this, Byte will get slower and lower in pitch. It does this by just playing
fewer times when Mozzi asks it to. It's pretty crude but it works. If you turn the knob to
the RIGHT, Byte will get higher in pitch but also change how it plays. This is because it
is incrementing the "t" variable by more and more (by default it's incremented by 1).
## Configuration
#### IN 1
Pitch CV
#### IN 2
Bytebeat CV
#### IN 3
Auxilliary Variable 1 CV (x)
#### AUDIO IN (A)
[UNUSED]
#### AUDIO OUT
Out
#### DIGITAL OUT (D)
Reset
#### POT 1
Pitch Scaling
[Set the switch to MAN probably]
#### POT 2
Bytebeat
[Set the switch to MAN probably]
#### POT 3
Volume

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// Copyright 2024 Sean Luke
// (sean@cs.gmu.edu)
//
// Released under the Apache 2.0 License
/// BYTE
///
/// Byte is a bytebeat synthesizer similar to ALGODRONE or ByteBeat-Xfade. You can provide
/// up to 16 bytebeat expressions (defined as BYTEBEAT_1 through BYTEBEAT_16 below), and
/// then select and play them. Feel free to change them! But they must be valid C/C++
/// expressions or they won't compile. You can change the pitch and tuning, as well as the
/// volume. Additionally you can reset the bytebeat algorithm at any time by sending a
/// trigger or gate to DIGITAL OUT.
///
/// BUILDING BYTEBEATS
/// A bytebeat is any C expression using the 32-bit variable 't'. It's called 16384 times a second
/// and the result, mod 255, is output as an audio sample.
///
/// Byte has a special feature: a special variable called x which ranges from 0 to 255. It's
/// controlled by CV coming in to IN 3, and is by default 0. You could stick x in your expressions
/// to control them in real-time via CV.
///
/// Byte is fragile: if in your expression you modify Byte's own variables (like triggered or pitchCV
/// or even t!) you can seriously break Byte. So don't do that.
///
///
/// TUNING
///
/// You can't really tune BYTE: to do so would require changing the sampling rate, and Mozzi doesn't
/// make it easy to do that without modifying Mozzi's config in its library. Maybe later.
///
/// On Pot 1 I have set things up so you can change the pitch to some degree. There are 16
/// settings. Setting 8 (typically a bit to the left of due center) is the default setting.
/// Since Mozzi's sampling rate is 16384 Hz, this is about one octave above and twice as fast
/// as the traditional pitch, which normally corresponds to 8000 Hz. If you turn the knob
/// to the LEFT of this, Byte will get slower and lower in pitch. It does this by just playing
/// fewer times when Mozzi asks it to. It's pretty crude but it works. If you turn the knob to
/// the RIGHT, Byte will get higher in pitch but also change how it plays. This is because it
/// is incrementing the "t" variable by more and more (by default it's incremented by 1).
///
///
/// SET GRAINS TO MOZZI MODE. Sorry, no Grains mode.
///
/// You will need to install the Mozzi Library. You can do this from the Library Manager
/// in your Arduino IDE.
/// CONFIGURATION
///
/// IN 1 Pitch CV
/// IN 2 Bytebeat CV
/// IN 3 Auxilliary Variable 1 CV (x)
/// AUDIO IN (A) UNUSED
/// AUDIO OUT Out
/// DIGITAL OUT (D) Reset
///
/// POT 1 Pitch Scaling [Set the switch to MAN probably]
///
/// POT 2 Bytebeat [Set the switch to MAN probably]
///
/// POT 3 Volume
#include <math.h>
// FOR MORE BYTEBEAT EXAMPLES SEE
// http://viznut.fi/demos/unix/bytebeat_formulas.txt
//
// Test your bytebeats out first in HTML!
// https://greggman.com/downloads/examples/html5bytebeat/html5bytebeat.html
#define BYTEBEAT_1 \
t*(42&t>>10)
#define BYTEBEAT_2 \
t|t%255|t%257
#define BYTEBEAT_3 \
t*(((t>>11)&(t>>8))&(123&(t>>3)))
#define BYTEBEAT_4 \
t*(t>>((t>>9)|(t>>8))&(63&(t>>4)))
#define BYTEBEAT_5 \
(t>>6|t|t>>(t>>16))*10+((t>>11)&7)
#define BYTEBEAT_6 \
(t|(t>>9|t>>7))*t&(t>>11|t>>9)
#define BYTEBEAT_7 \
t*5&(t>>7)|t*3&(t*4>>10)
#define BYTEBEAT_8 \
(t>>7|t|t>>6)*10+4*(t&t>>13|t>>6)
#define BYTEBEAT_9 \
((t&4096)?((t*(t^t%255)|(t>>4))>>1):(t>>3)|((t&8192)?t<<2:t))
#define BYTEBEAT_10 \
((t*(t>>8|t>>9)&46&t>>8))^(t&t>>13|t>>6)
#define BYTEBEAT_11 \
(t*5&t>>7)|(t*3&t>>10)
#define BYTEBEAT_12 \
(int)(t/1e7*t*t+t)%127|t>>4|t>>5|t%127+(t>>16)|t
#define BYTEBEAT_13 \
((t/2*(15&(0x234568a0>>(t>>8&28))))|t/2>>(t>>11)^t>>12)+(t/16&t&24)
#define BYTEBEAT_14 \
(t&t%255)-(t*3&t>>13&t>>6)
#define BYTEBEAT_15 \
t>>4|t&((t>>5)/(t>>7-(t>>15)&-t>>7-(t>>15)))
#define BYTEBEAT_16 \
t*(((t>>9)&10)|((t>>11)&24)^((t>>10)&15&(t>>15)))
#define CV_POT_IN1 A7 // Note In, Pitch Scaling // Filter Cutoff
#define CV_POT_IN2 A6 // Filter Cutoff
#define CV_POT3 A4 // Resonance
#define CV_IN3 A2 // Amplitude CV
#define CV_AUDIO_IN A0 // Pitch Tune // Resonance CV
#define CV_AUDIO_OUT 9 // Out
#define CV_GATE_OUT 10 // [Unused]
#define RANDOM_PIN A5
#define CONTROL_RATE 64
#include <MozziGuts.h>
void setup()
{
pinMode(CV_GATE_OUT, INPUT);
startMozzi();
}
uint8_t triggered = false;
uint8_t x;
uint8_t frequency = 1;
uint8_t gain;
uint8_t expression;
uint32_t t = 0;
uint8_t oldExpression = 0;
uint8_t maxCount = 1;
uint8_t increment = 1;
void updateControl()
{
frequency = (mozziAnalogRead(CV_POT_IN1) >> 6) + 1;
if (frequency >= 8)
{
maxCount = 1;
increment = frequency - 7;
}
else
{
maxCount = 9 - frequency;
increment = 1;
}
gain = mozziAnalogRead(CV_POT3) >> 5; // 0...31
x = mozziAnalogRead(CV_IN3) >> 2; // 0...255
expression = mozziAnalogRead(CV_POT_IN2) >> 6; // 0...15
if (digitalRead(CV_GATE_OUT))
{
if (!triggered)
{
triggered = true;
t = 0;
}
}
else
{
triggered = false;
}
if (expression != oldExpression)
{
t = 0;
oldExpression = expression;
}
}
uint8_t count = 1;
int16_t last = 0;
int updateAudio()
{
count--;
if (count == 0)
{
count = maxCount;
// shift pitch
t += increment;
// select expression
uint8_t result;
switch(expression)
{
case 0: result = (uint8_t)(255 & (BYTEBEAT_1)); break;
case 1: result = (uint8_t)(255 & (BYTEBEAT_2)); break;
case 2: result = (uint8_t)(255 & (BYTEBEAT_3)); break;
case 3: result = (uint8_t)(255 & (BYTEBEAT_4)); break;
case 4: result = (uint8_t)(255 & (BYTEBEAT_5)); break;
case 5: result = (uint8_t)(255 & (BYTEBEAT_6)); break;
case 6: result = (uint8_t)(255 & (BYTEBEAT_7)); break;
case 7: result = (uint8_t)(255 & (BYTEBEAT_8)); break;
case 8: result = (uint8_t)(255 & (BYTEBEAT_9)); break;
case 9: result = (uint8_t)(255 & (BYTEBEAT_10)); break;
case 10: result = (uint8_t)(255 & (BYTEBEAT_11)); break;
case 11: result = (uint8_t)(255 & (BYTEBEAT_12)); break;
case 12: result = (uint8_t)(255 & (BYTEBEAT_13)); break;
case 13: result = (uint8_t)(255 & (BYTEBEAT_14)); break;
case 14: result = (uint8_t)(255 & (BYTEBEAT_15)); break;
case 15: result = (uint8_t)(255 & (BYTEBEAT_16)); break;
}
// convert to signed and change amplitude
last = ((result - (int16_t)128) * gain) >> 4; // gain should go 0...31
}
return last;
}
void loop()
{
audioHook();
}